Max Hospital, Vaishali, GaziabadHyperparathyroidism
Calcium plays a vital role in strengthening bones, aiding muscle function and even influencing our mood. But when the conductor - the parathyroid glands - gets overzealous, it leads to hyperparathyroidism, throwing the entire symphony out of tune. Let's explore this disorder and how to regain harmony.
Overview:
Located in your neck, four tiny parathyroid glands are responsible for managing calcium levels. When one or more become overactive, they produce excess parathyroid hormone (PTH), causing unusually high blood calcium (hypercalcemia). This disrupts the delicate balance, potentially affecting bones, kidneys and even your brain. T
There are three main types of hyperparathyroidism:
- Primary: One or more parathyroid glands malfunction, usually due to a benign tumour. This is the most common type.
- Secondary: Caused by underlying conditions like kidney disease, which trigger excessive PTH production.
- Tertiary: Develops after long-term secondary hyperparathyroidism, where the glands become autonomous and overactive even after the initial trigger gets resolved.
Risk Factors:
While anyone can develop hyperparathyroidism, certain factors increase the risk:
- Gender: Women are more prone than men.
- Age: Older adults are at higher risk.
- Family history: Having a family member with the condition increases your chances.
- Certain medical conditions: Kidney stones, chronic pancreatitis and some genetic disorders can contribute.
- Previous history of skin cancer.
Diagnosis:
Early diagnosis is crucial for effectively managing hyperparathyroidism. Doctors primarily rely on:
- Blood tests: To measure calcium and PTH levels.
- Imaging tests: Like ultrasound, CT scans or MIBI scans, to locate enlarged parathyroid glands.
- Urine tests: To assess calcium excretion and rule out other causes.
Treatment
Depending on the severity and type, treatment options include
- Medication: To lower calcium levels or inhibit PTH production.
- Observation: For mild cases with minimal symptoms, regular monitoring might suffice.
- Surgery: To remove enlarged parathyroid glands, a minimally invasive procedure usually with high success rates and it is the preferred modality of treatment.
Prevention:
While there's no foolproof way to prevent hyperparathyroidism, maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help:
- Balanced diet: Ensure adequate calcium intake through diet or supplements.
- Vitamin D moderation: Consult your doctor to determine appropriate vitamin D levels.
- Regular checkups: Discuss risk factors and screening possibilities with your doctor.
Prognosis:
With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, most people with hyperparathyroidism achieve excellent outcomes and experience significant improvement in symptoms. Regular follow-up and monitoring are crucial to ensure long-term success.
Hyperparathyroidism may sound complex, but understanding its basics empowers you to make informed decisions about your health. If you have concerns, consult your doctor to discuss your risk factors and explore preventive measures or potential treatment options.